Which particles orbit around the central nucleus of an atom?

Electrons are the particles that orbit around the central nucleus of an atom. This behavior can be understood through the structure of an atom. The nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, is located at the center, while electrons exist in a cloud-like region surrounding the nucleus. This arrangement is a result of the electromagnetic force that attracts the negatively charged electrons to the positively charged protons in the nucleus.

Understanding the roles of the other particles is essential. Protons are located in the nucleus and contribute to the atomic number and positive charge of the atom. Neutrons, also found in the nucleus, have no charge and help to stabilize the nucleus. Quarks, on the other hand, are fundamental constituents of protons and neutrons, but they do not orbit the nucleus; instead, they combine to form the nucleons (protons and neutrons) within it. This distinction clarifies that while electrons are engaged in orbital motion around the nucleus, the other mentioned particles are primarily contained within it.